Identifying Magic Items

Potions:  Alchemy proficiency identifies one on 11+;  Gnomish "nose for potions" also identifies one on an 11+.

Scrolls:  all you have to do is read the language they were written in

Common Items:  ordinary features of a magic item (it's a ring of protection +1, or a shield +2) can be identified using Magical Engineering Proficiency.

Unique or Historical Items:  the Lore Mastery Proficiency or the Bard's equivalent power will identify unique powers of an item of historical note on an 18+, with a +1 bonus per level.

All Items, All Powers:  can be identified by magical research.  This takes 2 weeks and 1000gp.  The researcher must also make a magical research roll, based on level (see p117 core book).

Example:  The Golden Shield of Mad Gerald is a +2 shield that also has the power to reflect spell attacks from demons.   A Magical Research roll would reveal all those facts.   A magical engineering roll would only reveal that it acts as a +2 shield.   A Lore Mastery roll would reveal the name of the object and the demon-reflection power, but not the +2 effect.